Existentialism

A philosophical tradition that places individual existence, freedom, and subjective experience at the center of inquiry. Emerging most forcefully in mid-20th century France through Sartre, Camus, and de Beauvoir, existentialism grappled with the absence of inherent meaning in the universe and the resulting burden -- and freedom -- of creating one's own. It influenced literature, psychotherapy, political theory, and popular culture in ways that still echo today. The idea that existence precedes essence, that we are condemned to be free, and that authenticity is a constant struggle remains among the most productive philosophical provocations of the modern era.

Added by @ameliedubois